Volume 14, 2025
Perception of Classroom Environment and Academic Achievement in Mathematics among Primary School Pupils in Calabar Metropolis, Cross River State
Oluwatosin Motunrayo, AJAYI, E. Ajake,UCHENNA & Oludola Sarah, SOPEKAN
Abstract
The study investigated the perceived correlation between classroom environment and academic attainment of
primary school pupils in mathematics in Calabar Metropolis. An ex-post facto approach was used to guide the
research methodology. The research adopted a stratied random sampling technique and a total of144 pupils
assamplewere chosen at a random from the larger population of 5594 primary six pupils in Calabar Metropolis.
Data for the study were gathered using a questionnaire entitled "Perception of Classroom Environment
Questionnaire" (PCEQ) and "Mathematics Achievement Test" (MAT). Specialists from the Educational Test and
Measurement Department of the University of Calabar, validated the PCEQ while the content of the MAT was
validated by specialists in Mathematics Department of the same university. The PCEQ's reliability was assessed
using Cronbach's Alpha method, with reliability coefcients ranging from 0.73 to 0.85 for the subscales, while
Kuder – Richardson K-R-20 method was used for the MAT with a coefcient of 0.72. The data gathered was
subjected to descriptive statistical analysis, and the relationships were examined using Pearson Product
Moment Correlation (PPMC) at 0.05 signicance level. The result of the analysis showed that classroom
facilities and instructional facilities had a signicant relationship with academic achievement in Mathematics
among primary school pupils in Calabar Metropolis. It is concluded that classroom environment is a key
determinant of academic achievement of elementary school pupils in Mathematics in Calabar metropolitan
area of Cross River State, Nigeria. It was recommended among others that pupils, policymakers, head teachers,
teachers, parents, and researchers should pay adequate attention to classroom environment as an important
factor for improved academic achievement in Mathematics.
Keywords
Classroom environment, Academic achievement, Classroom facilities, Instructional Facilities
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